Born: 7-Apr-1944
Birthplace: Nagoya, Japan

Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Occupation: Physicist

Nationality: Japan
Executive summary: Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix

In 1972, Japanese physicists Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa explained broken symmetry within the framework of the standard model of physics, but extended the model to include families of hypothetical new quarks. It took decades for research to confirm their hypothetical quarks, but their proposed CP violation (breaking the combined conservation laws associated with charge conjugation and parity) have since been confirmed virtually as Kobayashi and Maskawa had foreseen. Both men were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008, sharing the honor with the father of spontaneous broken symmetry, Yoichiro Nambu. Kobayashi's advanced theories were largely proven at his workplace, the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) facility in Tsukuba, Japan, home to two major accelerators, two colliders, and an accelerator test facility.

    University: BS Physics, Nagoya University (1966)
    University: PhD Physics, Kyoto University (1972)
    Teacher: Physics, Kyoto University (1972-79)
    Teacher: National Laboratory of High Energy Physics (1979-89)
    Professor: National Laboratory of High Energy Physics (1989-97)
    Professor: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (1997-2006)

    Nobel Prize for Physics 2008 (with Toshihide Maskawa and Yoichiro Nambu)
    Asahi Prize 1995
    Japan Academy Prize 1985
    Sakurai Prize 1985
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Author of books:
Topaz Vertex Chamber (1990)
Superstrings and Conformal Field Theories (1991, with Toshihide Maskawa)

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